Azaperone e sua associação com xilazina ou dexmedetomidina em suínos / Azaperone and its association with xilazina or dexmedetomidina in swines

O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito sedativo do azaperone e de sua associação com a xilazina ou dexmedetomidina na espécie suína, assim como verificar a possibilidade de o agente butirofenônico contrabalançar os efeitos causados pelos agonistas α2-adrenérgicos nos parâmetros cardiovasculares. Foram estudados 18 suínos hígidos da linhagem Dambread X MS 50, de 50 dias de idade, pesando 17,3kg (±1,7). Todos os animais foram submetidos a anestesia com isofluorano para instrumentação necessária ao protocolo experimental e, 30 minutos após a recuperação anestésicas, os parâmetros basais foram mensurados e os animais alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos de seis animais cada: GA (Azaperone 2mg kg-1 + Cloreto de sódio 0,5ml - IM), GAD (Azaperone 2mg kg-1 + Dexmedetomidina 3µg kg-1 - IM), GAX (Azaperone 2mg kg-1 + Xilazina 2mg kg-1 - IM). Os parâmetros foram novamente avaliados aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após administração dos fármacos correspondentes aos grupos do estudo. A frequência cardíaca teve seus valores reduzidos em todos os grupos, porém essa redução foi maior no GAX. Durante o estudo não foi observado efeito bifásico sobre a pressão arterial, com hipertensão seguida de hipotensão. O GAX apresentou redução de PaO2 e aumento de PaCO2, assim como observou-se melhor efeito sedativo nesse grupo. Os resultados permitem concluir que a associação de azaperone com xilazina promoveu melhor sedação e miorrelaxamento e menor resposta a estímulos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative effects of azaperone and its association with xylazine or dexmedetomidine in swine, as well as verifying the possibility of the butyrophenone agent to counterbalance the effects caused by α2-adreneceptor agonists on the cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters. For this, eighteen healthy swines of the Dambread X MS 50 lineage aged 50 days-old, weighing around 17.3kg (±1.7) were used. All animals were submitted an isoflurane anesthesia by face mask throughout the period of instrumentation. Basal parameters were measured 30 minutes after recovering from general anesthesia. All swines were randomly assigned into three groups of six animals each: AG (azaperone 2mg kg-1 + sodium chloride 0.5ml - IM), ADG (azaperone 2mg kg-1 + dexmedetomidine 3µg kg-1 - IM) and AXG (azaperone 2mg kg-1 + xylazine 2mg kg-1 - IM). Parameters were again measured at the following times: 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after administrating the corresponding drugs to each group. The heart rate had its values reduced in all groups; however this reduction was more significative in AXG. During the study was not observed a biphasic effect over the arterial pressure with an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease. AXG presented reduction of PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2 as well as a better sedative effect. The results allow to conclude that the association of azaperone with xylazine promoted a better tranquilization and muscular relaxation.

Effects of intraarticular ropivacaine and morphine on lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraarticular (IA) analgesic effects of ropivacaine and morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded cross-over design. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy mixed breed horses between 8-15 years old. METHODS: Synovitis was induced in the left radio-carpal joint with an injection of lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 055:B5). Six hours later, the horses were treated with an IA injection of 40 mg of ropivacaine (ROPI), 40 mg of morphine (MOR), 20 mg of ropivacaine added to 20 mg of morphine in saline (RM) or 4 mL of saline (SAL), as control. Analgesia was measured subjectively using a numerical rating scale, a simple descriptive scale, pain upon maximal flexion of the carpus and by the range of motion exhibited by the affected joint. Data are reported as mean +/- SD and were analyzed using anova. Blood and synovial data were analyzed by split plots in time with units (treatments: SAL, ROPI, MOR and RM) and subunits (times: T0-24), in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Mean comparisons were made by Tukey's test; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Ropivacaine had a clinical analgesic effect with a relative short duration ( approximately 2.5 to 3.5 hours). Morphine had a slower onset of action than ROPI, but a stronger analgesic effect of longer duration. The RM showed an earlier onset of action than MOR and had a strong analgesic effect for the 24-hour post-injection period. All treatments caused a significant decrease in total nucleated cells compared with the control, 24 hours after administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Morphine alone or in combination with ropivacaine produced a strong analgesic effect of prolonged duration, which may offer pain relief for acute synovitis for at least 24 hours.

Achados endoscópico e citológico das vias respiratórias de potros puro sangue inglês em início de treinamento no Jóquei Clube do Paraná / Respiratory endoscopic and cytological findings in english thoroughbred foals in the beginning of their training at Jóquei Clube do Paraná / Hallazgos endoscópicos y citológicos de las vias respiratorias de potros purasangre inglés a principio de entrenamiento en el jóquei clube do paraná

O sistema respiratório de dezesseis potros PSI, com dois anos, em início de treinamento no Jóquei Clube do Paraná, foi avaliado através da videoendoscopia e citologia do aspirado traqueobrônquico. Observou-se que em sete destes animais (43,75%) foi diagnosticada hiperplasia folicular linfóide de grau III (intenso) e, nos demais (56,25%), grau II (moderado). No momento do exame, houve deslocamento do palato mole de forma persistente em dois animais (12,5%) e de forma intermitente, em outros três (18,75%). Foi constatada epiglote com aspecto frágil em apenas um animal e observada hemiplegia laríngea (grau II) em outros dois casos. Ainda, constatou-se secreção traqueobrônquica em dez animais (62,5%), em sete dos quais (70%) foi realizado aspirado e exame citológico.

The respiratory system of sixteen 2-year-old thoroughbred foals in the beginning of their training at Jóquei Club do Paraná was evaluated through videoendoscopy and tracheobronchial cytology. Seven horses (43.75%) presented (severe) level III follicular hyperplasia, and the others (56.25%) level II (moderate). At the moment of the exam there was persistent soft palate displacements in two animals (12.5%), and intermittent in three (18.75%). The epiglottis was found to be fragile in only one animal, and the level II laryngeal hemiplegia was diagnosed in two other cases. Ten animals (62.5%) presented tracheobronchial secretion, and the aspirate and cytological exams were carried out in seven (70%).